Oil cracking apparatus



June 11, 1935.

F. M. PYZEL OIL CRACKING APPARA'IUS Original Filed Aug. 11, 1928 Patented June 11, 193s 2,004,217

Y, UNTTED STATES PATENT OFFICE f OIL CRACKING APPARATUS Y Frederic M, Pyzel, Piedmont, Calif., assignor to Universal Oil Products Company, Chicago, Ill., a corporation o f ,South Dakota l Application `August 11, 1928, Serial No. 298,900

Renewed September 16, 1932 products is obtained with a, minimum production largeportions ofinsuflioiently cracked vapors that 10 high eiiciency and economy of operation. leave the chamber at the same end. The crack- While I have shown the invention as applied to Y ing takes place more evenly on all fractions of so-called reiiux condensate returned for retreating togasolne,v decreased formationrof gases and 20 first through a heating coil then to a separating Vthetop of the chamben 25 and/or reaction chamber, irrespective of the ar- Other features of the invention will appear rangement of connected parts. from the following description and from the at- Diiiiculty has been experienced in theoperation tached drawing, where the single gure is a diaof cracking plants due to the formation of targrammatic view, partly in section and partly in like coke-containing residues and the formation elevation,-of an apparatus suitable to carry out 30 and deposit of an objectionable amount of solid my invention. coke or carbon for each barrel of oil treated, Referring more particularly tothe drawing, the which was permitted to accumulate in large drums oil is Withdrawn from any suitable source of supor reaction chambers. The accumulation cf such ply, not shown, through line I and forced by a large amount of coke ,is objectionable, since it pump 2 into direct feed line 3, whereby it is 35 positing in the chambers or removed with upper part of reaction chamber 8. There vapors 40 prolonged exposition to a cracking temperature be withdrawn intermittently or continuously from of the non-Vaporized oil in the reaction chaxnthe bottom of the chamber 8 through lines 9, ber where a liquid level is maintained by allowcontrolled by Valves lil. The withdrawal of the remain in the chamber. at such a rate that any Adesired level of liquid cil As one of the features of my invention, to overmay be maintained in chamber 8, but I preferably As another feature of the invention I provide As a feature of the invention, vapor draw-off linel for the `withdraw/val of the vapors from the reac- H preferably extends into the inside of chamber collected as liquid distillate 8 by means of extension I la, which terminates in the lower part of chamber preferably near the vertical axis thereof, and above the level of nonvaporized oil maintained therein. The point of withdrawal of vapors from the chamber can be changed, accordingV to the results desired and the conditions of operation, by changing the length of extension I Ica. Suitable nozzles, bushings and packing provide for a tight joint between vapor line II, extension IIa and the Wall of chamber 8. Y

Vapors leaving chamber 8 through lines IIa and I I pass into dephlegmator I3, where they are fractionated by means of a suitable cooling medium injected into the top of the dephlegmator through line I4, having valve I5. n

lf desired, a partor all of the raw oil charged into the system by means of pump -2 may be diverted from line 3 by suitably manipulating valve 3a on said line 3 and valve I6 on line I'I, and said raw oil may then be charged into the dephlegmator I3 through said line I'I to serve as a cooling medium for the vapors evolved in the process. 1 Y

Thereflux condensate separated in the dephlegmator I3 is discharged, alone or mixed with preheated raW 'oil from the bottom of the dephlegmator I3 through line I8, having valve I9, and it is charged by means of pump 26 into the 'feed line k3 where, after mixing with the raw oil which may have been fed directly through line 3, it re- `enters the heating tubesd,

The vapors which remain un-condensed after Ypassage'throughdephlegmator I3 are withdrawn therefromthrough line 2i, having valve 22, and passed Vthrough conventional condenser 23, being in receiverrl, having gas release valve 25 and distillate draw-oir valve 26. Y Y .Asan illustration of the operation of the process California fuel oil having a gravity of about 18 B. may be treated under a pressure of about 150 pounds and at a temperature-of about 880 F., with Vthe production of about 35% of 437 F. gasoline, of a residuum containing less Athan 1% .of sludge or B. S., and of less than 1 pound. of coke Vper barrel of raw oil treated.

:connect .may befopened intermittently for ymounted in a heating zone, an vcommunieation with the outlet of liquid draw-off in cooperativeV communication projecting for a drum and said vapor These conditions are not to betaken as a limitation of the scope of the invention, but as an illustration of the beneficial results of my process. The operating conditions will vary with the various charging stocks used and with the various products which may be desired.

While I have illustrated a form of apparatus suitable to carry out the process of the present invention, other designs may be used and found out the method and obtain the results of this invention; and I do not intend to limit 'myself to the shown. f

A small by-pass the top of 28 which remains line 2l having valve 28 may the chamber 8 with vapor line normally closed short periods to prevent accumulation of air or nonfcondensable gas in the upper part of the chamber.

I claim as my invention:

l. An apparatus for hydrocarbon oil conversion, comprising, in combination a heating tube mounted in a heating zone, an-enlarged drum in I I, and valve vcommunication with the outlet of said tube, a

liquid draw-off in cooperative communication with the lower portion of said drum and a vapor draw-ofi from said drum having an extension projecting for a substantial distance into said drum, and a valve controlled by-pass establishing communication between the upper portion of'sai-d drum andy that portion of the vapor draw-off disposed outside the drum.

2. .AnV apparatus for hydrocarbon oil conversion, comprising in combination arheating tube enlarged drum in said tube, a

with the lower portion of said drum and a vapor draw-off from said ldrum having an extension substantial distance into said drum, and a valved by-pass establishing comrnunication between the upper portion of said draw-off.

FREDERIC M. PYZEL. 

